1) Pizza, a popular Italian dish, originated in Naples and is now enjoyed worldwide. Traditional Neapolitan pizza features a thin, chewy crust topped with San Marzano tomatoes, mozzarella cheese, and fresh basil, cooked in a wood-fired oven. It has become a global culinary icon, with countless regional and international variations, making it one of the most beloved and versatile foods globally.

2) The concept of proportional representation, used in some electoral systems, aims to ensure that political parties' representation in government aligns more closely with the proportion of votes they receive from the electorate.

3) The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized the spread of knowledge and played a key role in the Renaissance.

4) The musical "The Phantom of the Opera" has been running in London's West End since 1986, making it the longest-running musical in history.